Investigation of the behavior of preformed span systems taking into account oscillations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15276/opu.1.73.2026.03Keywords:
span beam, prestressing, dynamic effect, oscillation amplitude, vibration frequency, span system, static stiffness, dynamic stiffnessAbstract
This scientific work addresses the current issue of investigating the deformation state and analyzing the load-bearing capacity of prestressed span systems of overhead cranes, considering complex dynamic effects on the structure. The purpose of the study is a detailed examination of the behavior of a prestressed span metal structure under the action of a temporary moving load, accounting for oscillations that occur during operation. The relevance of the work stems from the fact that increases in deflections and stresses induced by dynamic effects can significantly affect the natural frequency of the main beams. This is particularly critical at high longitudinal loading on the span bridge, which poses a risk of reduced operational reliability. Within the scope of the research, the authors developed a universal mathematical model of the span structure and derived analytical expressions that accurately account for dynamic effects across a range of longitudinal-to-transverse force ratios acting on the beam. Specifically, calculations were performed for the range of values N/P=1.5; 2.0 and 2.5. The mathematical modeling is based on solving a system of differential equations for the transverse oscillations of beams with a constant cross-section. Through the application of the Krylov functions apparatus, precise dependencies were obtained to determine the deflection amplitude, the rotation angle of sections, the bending moment, and the shear force at any arbitrary section of the span. The calculated natural frequency of oscillation for the span beams corresponds to the standards for mass-produced double-girder crane bridges. A comprehensive comparative analysis of the structural deformation state was carried out, considering the most unfavorable loading cases, specifically when the loaded trolley is located in the middle of the span and directly above the support. The calculations were performed for box-section span beams made of C38/23 class steel. Generalized expressions for oscillation amplitudes were obtained, which are necessary for the accurate determination of dynamic coefficients. The analysis of the results showed that compressive forces slightly reduce the natural frequency values; however, due to the high bending stiffness of modern span beams, these changes are not critical. The study confirms the necessity of mandatory dynamic verification calculations for prestressed beams to assess the potential for resonance with the frequency of the exciting force. The results can be used directly by engineering and technical personnel to calculate the geometric characteristics of beams and to improve the design methodology for modern beam systems. The recommendations provided in the article have practical value for modernizing span structures and significantly increasing the service life of hoisting machinery.
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