Formation of a signal with Hartley amplitude-phase modulation as the sum of two signals with Hartley amplitude modulation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15276/opu.1.71.2025.19Keywords:
Hartley amplitude modulation, Hartley amplitude-phase modulation, signal modulation, signal demodulation, errors of the received signal, average energy valueAbstract
The paper presents the results of the research, which outcome in the development of a theoretical justification for a new type of modulation – Hartley amplitude-phase modulation. This type of modulation has an additional carrier that is orthogonal to the known amplitude-phase modulation. Moreover, the in-phase and quadrature components of the Hartley amplitude-phase modulation are Hartley amplitude modulations, and the Hartley amplitude modulation of the quadrature channel (the quadrature component) is an orthogonal Hartley amplitude modulation with respect to the in-phase channel. This also allows the formation of a Hartley amplitude-phase modulation signal with a square constellation - quadrature Hartley modulation. The paper also considers a method of demodulating a signal with Hartley amplitude-phase modulation using a synchronous detector. It is shown that a signal with Hartley amplitude-phase modulation has increased immunity to noise in the communication channel compared to the known amplitude-phase modulation. The paper also compares the properties of signals with quadrature Hartley modulation and a known signal with quadrature modulation. It is shown that the energy gain of a signal with quadrature Hartley modulation compared to quadrature modulation is 6 dB. In addition, quadrature Hartley modulation has the same average energy value per symbol as signals with QAM modulation. The paper presents the derivation of an analytical expression for calculating the signal-to-noise ratio for a signal from quadrature Hartley modulation. It is shown that the obtained theoretical results for calculating the error of a falsely received symbol agree well with the obtained results of simulation modeling. A comparison of the obtained simulation results when calculating the values for calculating the error of an erroneously received symbol for signals with Hartley quadrature modulation and known quadrature modulation is presented.
Downloads
References
Alonso, A. M., Miyahara, M., & Matsuzawa, A. (2018). A 12.8-ns-Latency DDFS MMIC With Frequency, Phase, and Amplitude Modulation in 65-nm CMOS. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 53(10), 2840–2849.
Yu, D., Yue, G., Liu, A., & Yang, L. (2020). Absolute Amplitude Differential Phase Spatial Modulation and Its Non-Coherent Detection Under Fast Fading Channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 19(4), 2742–2755.
Neshaastegaran, P., & Banihashemi, A. H. (2019). Log-Likelihood Ratio Calculation for Pilot Symbol Assisted Coded Modulation Schemes With Residual Noise. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 67(5), 3782–3790.
Wang, K., Lim, C., Wong, E., Alameh, K., Kandeepan, S., & Skafidas, E. (2019). High-Speed Reconfigurable Free-Space Optical Interconnects with Carrierless-Amplitude-Phase Modulation and Space-Time-Block Code. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 37(2), 627–633.
Singya, P. K., Shaik, P., Kumar, N., Bhatia, V., & Alouini, M.-S. (2021). A Survey on Higher-Order QAM Constellation: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Trends. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2, 617–655.
Hati, A., & Nelson, C. W. (2022). A Simple Optimization Method for Generating High-Purity Amplitude and Phase Modulation. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 71. DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2022.3186367.
Kokhanov, A. B. (2022). Hartley’s Amplitude, Balanced and Single Band Modulations. Radioelectronics and Communications Systems, 65(6), 293–304. DOI: 10.3103/S0735272722060036.
Prokis, J. (2000). Digital communication (D. D. Klovsky, Ed.; Translated from English). Radio i sviaz.
Galkin, V. A. (2012). Digital mobile communication (2nd ed., rev. and enl.). Goryachaya liniya–Telekom.
Kokhanov, A. B. (2024). A study of the dependence of the appearance of errors in a Hartley quadrature modulated signal on the signal-to-noise ratio. In Science, Education and Technology: Book of abstracts (pp. 36–37). International scientific-practical conference. Bila Tserkva.
Levin, B. R. (1989). Theoretical foundations of statistical radio engineering (3rd ed., rev. and enl.). Radio i sviaz.
Sergienko, A. B. (2003). Digital signal processing. St. P.: Piter.
Lyons, R. (2011). Understanding digital signal processing (2nd ed.). M.: BINOM-PRESS.
