Possibilities for improving the reliability of heat and electricity generating facilities in heat supply systems, taking into account the installation of reserve capacities

Abstract

The reliability of heat supply to consumers may decrease due to increased equipment failure rates, both due to external influences in extreme conditions and due to the depletion of the design life of some of the installed generating equipment. Cyclical operation is characteristic of power plants. High reliability of power systems can be ensured by high reliability indicators of the equipment used and by the proper structure and redundancy of generation systems. The paper considers methods for determining the reserve capacity of the heat supply system. The amount of the required reserve is closely related to the determination of the failure rate parameters of the equipment used, and the reserve also depends on the solution of the repair planning problem. After the end of the heating season, the heat supply system usually switches to a reduced power mode required for hot water supply. However, in some regions, a significant number of heat supply systems operate only during the heating season, which simplifies the planning of major repairs to the system's equipment and its reserve capacity. The necessary calculations have been made to construct a schedule for determining the reserve capacity of the heat supply system. The planning of major repairs and their frequency are considered. For practical use in most cases, the problem of power reserve is solved using a simpler and more accurate method for a small number of system elements, based on the Bernoulli distribution. The Maple mathematical package was used for this purpose. The results are presented in the form of graphs. With a larger total number of elements, the relative share of the impact of the failure of a single element (boiler) on the performance of the entire system (boiler room) decreases accordingly, given the accepted minimum reserve value. The average failure rate is often assumed to be constant for energy equipment of the same type, but it should be borne in mind that even such equipment may have significantly different reliability indicators. This makes it advisable to systematically record, collect and process statistical data on all elements of the system, especially for power equipment that has worked out a significant part of its resource.